First Experience of Transcatheter Leak Occlusion With Detachable Coils Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of transcatheter leak closure with detachable coils in patients with incomplete left atrial appendage (LAA) closure.

BACKGROUND

Incomplete LAA closure is common after interventional therapies targeting the LAA, potentially hindering effective thromboembolic prevention. Detachable coils have found a wide range of applications for transcatheter vascular occlusion and embolization procedures.

METHODS

Thirty consecutive patients at high thromboembolic risk with clinically relevant residual leaks (mean age 72 ± 9 years, 73.3% men, mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 4.4 ± 1.4, mean HAS-BLED score 3.6 ± 0.8) underwent percutaneous closure of the LAA patency using embolization coils. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed at 60 ± 15 days post-procedure.

RESULTS

LAA closure had been previously attempted with the Watchman device in 25 patients, the Amulet device in 2 patients, and the LARIAT device in 3 patients. Baseline transesophageal echocardiography documented moderate and severe leaks in 20 (66.7%) and 10 (33.3%) patients, respectively. After a single procedure, 25 patients (83.3%) showed complete LAA sealing or minimal leaks. Five patients (16.7%) had moderate residual leaks; 3 patients of them were offered repeat procedures. Mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 76 ± 41 min and 21 ± 14 min, respectively; the mean volume of iodinated contrast medium used was 80 ± 47 ml. Coil deployment was successful in all cases. The overall complication rate was 6.1%. After a median follow-up period of 54 days (range 43 to 265 days) and an average of 1.1 procedures/patient, transesophageal echocardiography revealed complete LAA sealing or negligible residual leaks in 28 patients (93.3%; 25 with no residual leak, 3 patients with minimal to mild residual leaks) and moderate residual leaks in 2 patients (6.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Transcatheter LAA leak occlusion using endovascular coils appears to be a safe, effective, and promising approach in patients at high echo time risk with incomplete LAA closure. (Transcatheter Leak Closure With Detachable Coils Following Incomplete Left Atrial Appendage Closure Procedures [TREASURE]; NCT03503253).