Two matings lead to more copulatory wounding than a single mating in female Drosophila melanogaster.

Copulation can result in males inflicting wounds to the female genitalia, so-called traumatic mating. Such wounds are potentially costly as they could be entry points for infections, and they have been associated with a shorter lifespan in insect species. In many species of insects, females mate with more than one male, which leads to the question of whether the number of matings affects the amount of genital damage that females suffer from those matings. Here, we test whether copulation frequency affects the number or size of genital wounds in Drosophila melanogaster. Females that mated twice had more genital wounds and a larger total area of wounding, compared with females that mated once. However, females that refused to mate a second time had a similar area of wounding to females that mated twice. We found that wounds to the ventral abdomen also increased with increased mating frequency. Our results show that polyandry can result in increased female copulatory wounding in this species. The extent to which the wounds are costly for females is currently unknown. Investigating genital and abdominal wounds is crucial to a better understanding of the consequences of sexual conflict and the selective pressures shaping mating behaviour.