An Independent Department of IR: Rationale, Conception, and Implementation.

On April 12, 2016, the University of Miami established its Department of Interventional Radiology (IR), completing a 3-year process initiated by the Chief of IR and supported by the Chair of Radiology. This transition reflects IR's maturity and its distinction from diagnostic radiology. Historically, IR evolved within radiology, similar to other specialties like radiation oncology. Advancements in minimally invasive procedures and increasing direct patient care have driven IR's growth, formalized in 2012 by the American Board of Medical Specialties and the approval of the Dual Primary Certificate in Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology. The University of Miami's IR department faced challenges, including financial independence, a dedicated research program, separate clinical facilities, and institutional support. Success was achieved by separating IR from diagnostic radiology budgets, fostering interdisciplinary research, and creating outpatient IR clinics. The University of Miami's experience offers a roadmap, providing insights and valuable lessons for institutions developing independent IR departments.