Revolutionizing microorganism inactivation: Magnetic nanomaterials in sustainable photocatalytic disinfection.

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the demand for sustainable water purification methods have spurred research into advanced disinfection, with photocatalysis as a promising approach. This study explores magnetic nanomaterials as catalysts in photocatalytic processes for microorganism inactivation. Magnetic nanoparticles and composites, due to their unique properties, are promising for enhancing photocatalytic disinfection. Their inherent magnetic traits enable easy separation and recyclability, reducing operational costs and environmental impact. These materials also act as efficient electron transfer mediators, enhancing overall photocatalytic efficiency. The review covers the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications, focusing on their structural, magnetic, and surface properties. Photocatalytic mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation vital for microorganism inactivation, are discussed. The study examines combining common photocatalysts like TiO2, ZnO, and semiconductors with magnetic nanomaterials, highlighting synergistic effects. Recent advances and challenges, such as optimal nanomaterials selection and scalability for large-scale applications, are addressed. Case studies and experimental setups for microorganism inactivation underscore the potential of magnetic nanomaterials in water treatment, air purification, and medical disinfection. Finally, further research directions and research highlights the substantial potential of magnetic nanomaterials as catalysts in photocatalytic processes, offering an efficient and sustainable solution for microorganism inactivation and contributing valuable insights to environmental and public health advancement.