Primary Chest Wall Malignant Lymphoma in a Patient Without a History of Tuberculosis or Chronic Pyothorax: A Case Report With a Review of the Literature.

Primary malignant lymphoma of the chest wall is a rare disease. Its pathogenesis has been reported to be associated with chronic pyothorax following tuberculous inflammation, artificial pneumothorax, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We herein report a surgically treated case of primary chest wall lymphoma without a history of tuberculosis or chronic pyothorax. A 65-year-old woman with a history of left rib fractures caused by domestic violence was found to have an abnormal shadow in the left chest on a chest radiograph obtained during a routine medical checkup. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a mass lesion in the left chest wall, and she was referred to our department for further evaluation and treatment. Examination demonstrated a gradually enlarging mass measuring 30 mm × 10 mm located just below the left seventh rib. No obvious invasion into the ribs or surrounding organs and tissues was observed. Tumor resection was performed under thoracoscopic and direct visualization. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We experienced a surgically treated case of primary chest wall malignant lymphoma without any apparent underlying disease that could have contributed to its development.