Recent developments in olfactory neuroblastoma research.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignancy originating from olfactory neuroepithelial cells. Given its uncommon nature and complex clinical presentation, this comprehensive review highlights recent findings and treatment approaches for advancing clinical practice and research.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature emphasizes significant advancements in the genomic profiling and molecular classification of ONB. Emerging targeted therapies include somatostatin analogs and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. In addition, the development of genetically engineered mouse models has provided valuable platforms for testing new treatment strategies, revealing similarities between ONB and small cell lung cancer, which may inform future therapeutic approaches.

SUMMARY: These findings have profound implications on clinical practice. Improved diagnostic accuracy through advanced imaging and genomic profiling in addition to identifying specific mutations for targeted therapy can lead to personalized treatments of patients with ONB. Developments in genetically engineered mouse models and multiinstitutional collaborative efforts are vital for advancing research and standardizing molecular testing. The integration of advanced imaging techniques, genomic profiling, and targeted therapies holds promise for improving patient outcomes and understanding this rare malignancy.