The efficacy of topically applied Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) ethanol extract during incision wound healing in albino rats.

BACKGROUND

Medical manifestations in the form of incisions, burns, and trauma will trigger a natural wound-healing process that involves complex interactions between cells. Brazilin and other secondary metabolites found in Sappan wood have numerous bioactive qualities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) ethanol extract topically on the incision wound healing of albino rats.

METHODS

Twenty male rats were randomly assigned into five groups with four replications, i.e., (C-) was treated ointment-based, (C+) was treated with 10% povidone-iodine, (T1, T2, and T3 groups) were treated with Sappan wood extract concentration for 6.5%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. The treatment was topically administered to wounded areas twice a day for 15 days. Wound healing was evaluated histologically as the following parameters collagen deposition, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree using H&E staining. IL-2 level was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Wound length reduction was calculated on days 8 and 15.

RESULTS

As a result, the 6.5% (T1), 15% (T2), and 30% (T3) Sappan wood extract groups were improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared to ointment-based (C-) and povidone-iodine (C+) groups on the collagen deposition, PMN, angiogenesis, fibrosis degree, and IL-2 level. In particular, the 6.5% (T1) Sappan wood extract group was highlighted significantly (p < 0.05) compared to other groups, evidenced by the improvisation of wound healing parameters and reduction of wound length on days 8 and 15.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a 6.5% Sappan wood extract revealed its applicability to improve incision wound healing in albino rats.