Prognostic factors for young adult colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases based on the SEER database.

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases poses significant challenges, particularly in young adults. This study aims to identify and evaluate the prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) in young adult patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases using data from the SEER database.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3,188 young adults aged 18 to 45 years, diagnosed with stage IV colorectal cancer and liver metastases between 2010 and 2015, using the SEER database. Patients were categorized based on surgical interventions, including primary tumor resection, metastasectomy, and combinations thereof. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate survival outcomes and associated prognostic factors.

RESULTS

The median overall survival (OS) varied significantly based on the type of surgical intervention. Patients undergoing both primary tumor resection and metastasectomy had the longest median OS of 60 months. The multivariable Cox model confirmed that these patients had the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for mortality (HR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.334-0.479, p < 0.001) compared to those who did not undergo surgery. Additionally, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were associated with improved survival outcomes. Subgroup analyses for colon and rectal cancer confirmed consistent results, with combined surgery showing significant survival benefits.

CONCLUSION

Surgical intervention, particularly the combination of primary tumor resection and metastasectomy, plays a crucial role in improving survival outcomes in young adults with colorectal cancer and liver metastases. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy further enhance survival, underscoring the importance of comprehensive treatment strategies in this population.