One-Hour Plasma Glucose and Early Cardiometabolic Risk in Normoglycaemic Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether elevated 1-h plasma glucose (1hPG) during oral glucose tolerance testing is associated with the cross-sectional presence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in normoglycaemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

DESIGN

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Single-centre.

POPULATION: A total of 1152 reproductive-age PCOS women with normal fasting (FPG < 5.6 mmol/L) and 2-h glucose (2hPG < 7.8 mmol/L).

METHODS

Participants were stratified by 1hPG as normal (< 8.6 mmol/L) or elevated (≥ 8.6 mmol/L). Prespecified CMRFs (overweight, central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia) were assessed. Associations were examined using univariable and age-adjusted multivariable logistic regression.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association between elevated 1hPG and the presence of ≥ 1 CMRF as well as individual CMRFs.

RESULTS

Elevated 1hPG was present in 257/1152 (22.3%) women and was associated with higher prevalences of overweight, central obesity, and dyslipidaemia, but not hypertension. Elevated 1hPG was associated with ≥ 1 CMRF in both crude (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.91) and age-adjusted analyses (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.34-2.73; both p < 0.001). Age-adjusted associations persisted for overweight, central obesity, and dyslipidaemia, but not hypertension. Discrimination for the cross-sectional presence of ≥ 1 CMRF was limited, whereas sensitivity was 25.4% and specificity 85.8% at the prespecified threshold of 8.6 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS

Among normoglycaemic women with PCOS, elevated 1hPG was associated with a less favourable cardiometabolic profile and a higher cross-sectional cardiometabolic risk burden. 1hPG may serve as an adjunct marker within routine OGTT interpretation for early cardiometabolic risk enrichment, but prospective validation is needed.