Altered acyl-CoA metabolism in riboflavin deficiency.

We have recently described the effects of riboflavin deficiency on the metabolism of dicarboxylic acids (Draye et al. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 178, 183-189). As both mitochondria and peroxisomes are thought to be involved, we have examined the activities of various enzymes in these organelles in the livers of riboflavin-deficient rats. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids was severely depressed due to loss of activity of the three fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, whereas there was an enhancement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation due to an increased activity of the FAD-dependent fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, although the activities of other peroxisomal flavoproteins, D-amino acid oxidase and glycolate oxidase, were lowered. Hepatocyte morphometry revealed an increase in the numbers of peroxisomes, indicating a proliferation induced by the deficiency. The mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism were also severely decreased leading to characteristic organic acidurias. There was some loss of activity of the flavin-dependent sections of the electron transport chain (complexes I and II), but these were probably not sufficient to affect normal function in vivo. The specificity of these effects allows the use of the riboflavin-deficient rat as a model for the study of dicarboxylate metabolism.