Early recurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in two HIV-infected patients: linking infection relapse and immune reconstitution syndrome.

This case report describes two HIV-positive patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia who relapsed within 1 week of starting secondary prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as the need to establish risk factors for infection recurrence or early immune reconstitution syndrome are highlighted.