Dihydromyricetin/montmorillonite intercalation compounds ameliorates DSS-induced colitis: Role of intestinal epithelial barrier, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and gut microbiota.

Dihydromyricetin (DHM), the primary active compound in vine tea possesses various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, along with high biosafety. However, its oral delivery remains a significant challenge. Montmorillonite (MMT), the primary component of bentonite, is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and serves as an excellent drug carrier due to its intercalation capability. In this study, we intercalated DHM into the interlayer spaces of MMT via solution intercalation method combined with rotary evaporation and used it to treat ulcerative colitis in mice. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the DHM/MMT intercalation compound. In vitro studies shown that DHM/MMT eliminated intracellular ROS and suppressed inflammatory genes IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, DHM/MMT demonstrated notable therapeutic effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice, significantly restoring the intestinal mucosa. Importantly, the therapeutic mechanism of DHM/MMT is closely linked to the inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, this strategy modulated gut microbiota by increasing probiotics and suppressing harmful bacteria, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In conclusion, DHM/MMT presents a promising strategy for UC treatment.