Effects of maxillary skeletal expansion on respiratory function and sport performance in a para-athlete - A case report.

The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the effects of the Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) used to orthopedically correct a maxillary constriction, on the respiratory functions and swimming performance of a Para-athlete. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken before and after MSE activation were used to demonstrate the disarticulation of midpalatal suture, and the changes involved in dental and nasomaxillary structures, nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway. Respiratory tests included: maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, oral peak expiratory flow and inspiratory nasal flow. The 6-min-walk and heart rate recovery tests were also performed. Patient's swimming performances during national swimming competitions were compared. CBCT images showed that palatal expansion was 5.91  mm at the suture, and that nasal and pharyngeal airways increased in volume by 31%. All respiratory indices improved after MSE activation. The 6-min walk test and heart rate recovery test performance also improved after the maxillary expansion. Patient's swimming performance in all category were anemic prior to the treatment, but performance improved considerably after the expansion, particularly the 100 m-Backstroke modality. MSE treatment had a significant positive impact in respiratory functions and sport performance.