[Gastroesophageal reflux disease: modern diagnosis and management].

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that requires a modern, evidence-based diagnostic approach. The Lyon Consensus 2.0 redefines "actionable GERD" by incorporating objective endoscopic and functional criteria, while the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy's 2025 guidelines further clarify diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Although typical GERD symptoms remain central to the clinical evaluation, they are insufficient on their own to establish a definitive diagnosis. Ambulatory reflux monitoring, including prolonged wireless pH monitoring with the Bravo capsule and pH-impedance testing, allows for a more accurate characterization of reflux burden and symptom association. Management is based on proton pump inhibitors, lifestyle and dietary modifications, and, in selected cases, interventional treatments.