Gilteritinib overcomes primary resistance to venetoclax in a patient with FLT3 wild-type refractory/relapsed AML: Case report and exploration of possible mechanisms.

Venetoclax, a selective BCL-2 inhibitor, has shown superior efficacy in the treatment of AML. Nevertheless, some AML patients with AML1-ETO respond poorly to venetoclax treatment. In this report, a relapsed/refractory (R/R) venetoclax resistant AML1-ETO positive AML patient showed rapid tumor regression after combination therapy with gilteritinib and venetoclax. Additional laboratory findings indicated that the combined impact of the two drugs may be associated with the induction of the integrated stress response. This case presents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of FLT3 wild-type RR, AML1-ETO AML patients who have primary resistance to venetoclax.