The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2023
Can diabetes influence fetal thymus size during pregnancy?
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Sinaci Selcan, Sahin Dilek
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate fetal thymus size by sonography in diabetic pregnancies and its relationship with diabetes type.
METHODS: In this prospectively designed case-control study, fetal thymus transverse diameter and circumference of the fetal thymus were measured. Also, TTR (thymic-thoracic ratio) was assessed in 288 healthy and 105 diabetic pregnancies. Patients were divided into subgroups as diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDMA1, n = 40), insulin-dependent (GDMA2, n = 42), and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM, n = 23). GDM was diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Measurements were compared to the healthy control group. Pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction determined which type of diabetes was independently associated with a small fetal thymus.
RESULTS: All 3 maternal diabetes categories had smaller fetal thymus size than controls (p < 0.05). TTR were lowest in PGDM (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Gestational diabetes is associated with smaller fetal thymus size. Pregestational diabetes may be associated with a smaller fetal thymus compared to diet-controlled GDM. Also, the thymus size may be even smaller in those with poor blood glucose regulation.
METHODS: In this prospectively designed case-control study, fetal thymus transverse diameter and circumference of the fetal thymus were measured. Also, TTR (thymic-thoracic ratio) was assessed in 288 healthy and 105 diabetic pregnancies. Patients were divided into subgroups as diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDMA1, n = 40), insulin-dependent (GDMA2, n = 42), and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM, n = 23). GDM was diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Measurements were compared to the healthy control group. Pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction determined which type of diabetes was independently associated with a small fetal thymus.
RESULTS: All 3 maternal diabetes categories had smaller fetal thymus size than controls (p < 0.05). TTR were lowest in PGDM (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Gestational diabetes is associated with smaller fetal thymus size. Pregestational diabetes may be associated with a smaller fetal thymus compared to diet-controlled GDM. Also, the thymus size may be even smaller in those with poor blood glucose regulation.