Morphological variability and clinical significance of testicular arteries - a comprehensive review.

The testicular artery is the vessel that provides oxygen-rich blood to the testes. It is also involved in many more processes that play important roles in spermatogenesis, such as thermoregulation. As the vessel has a number of anatomical variants, it may often be responsible for difficulties and complications during abdominopelvic surgical procedures. The main aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the anatomical variants of testicular arteries, focusing not only on their origins, but also on the course and number of vessels. We also provide a short review of pathological conditions related to the testicular artery such as aneurysms or testicular torsion, which we feel will be of particular interest to general surgeons and urologists.