Differential turnover rates of monocyte-derived cells in varied ocular tissue microenvironments.

Monocytes of bone marrow (BM) origin are circulating precursors that replenish dendritic cells and macrophage populations in peripheral tissues during homeostasis. The eye provides a unique range of varying tissue microenvironments in which to compare the different turnover rates of monocyte-derived cells. This was investigated in the present study using radiation chimeras, whereby BM from Cx3cr1(+/gfp) mice was used to rescue myeloablated wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice (conventional chimeras). The use of Cx3cr1(+/gfp) mice as BM donors allowed the clear visualization of newly recruited monocyte-derived cells. Following BM reconstitution, mice were killed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and wholemount ocular tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. "Reverse" chimeras (WT into Cx3cr1(+/gfp)) were also created to act as a further method of cross-referencing cell turnover rates. In conventional chimeras, Cx3cr1(+/gfp) cells began repopulating the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid) 2 weeks post-transplantation with close to complete replenishment by 8 weeks. By contrast, the earliest recruitment of Cx3cr1(+/gfp) cells into the host retina occurred at 4 weeks. In reverse chimeras, a steady accumulation of host Cx3cr1(+/gfp) macrophages in the subretinal space of Cx3cr1(+/gfp) adult mice suggests that these cells arise from long-term resident microglia and not newly recruited WT donor cells. In summary, chimeric mouse models, in which lineage-specific cells carry a fluorescent reporter, have been used in the present study to visualize the turnover of monocyte-derived cells in different tissue compartments of the eye. These data provide valuable insights into differential monocyte turnover rates within a single complex organ.