In vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia improves bladder function after spinal cord injury.

Neurogenic bladder is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI), with limited treatments that restore voluntary voiding. Although in vivo glial reprogramming has been achieved in the injured spinal cord, its effect on bladder function remains unclear. Here, we show that SOX2-mediated reprogramming of NG2 glia enhances bladder function in a clinically relevant mouse model of contusive SCI. The reprogramming process induces new neurons, attenuates scarring, and significantly improves urinary performance, as assessed by voiding assays and conscious cystometry. Functional recovery correlates positively with neurogenesis and inversely with scarring. These findings reveal that in vivo glial reprogramming promotes autonomic circuit repair and provides a regenerative strategy for treating neurogenic bladder after SCI.