Function of chemokines in embryo implantation.

Embryo implantation centrally involves the maternal immune system's specific acceptance of the semi-allogeneic embryo. Despite advances in assisted reproduction, implantation failure remains a key bottleneck limiting clinical pregnancy rates, with its mechanisms a significant challenge in reproductive immunology. Recent studies reveal that chemokine-mediated dynamic remodeling of the immune microenvironment is central to maintaining maternal-fetal immune homeostasis. Chemokines direct trophoblast invasion, decidual stromal cell reprogramming, and bidirectional embryo-maternal communication via chemokine-receptor axes, conferring unique "immune privilege" to the embryo. This review synthesizes chemokine networks' roles in critical implantation processes: regulating trophoblast invasion depth, orchestrating immune cell recruitment, and establishing tolerant microenvironments. It also highlights single-cell sequencing, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence in decoding chemokine-mediated regulation, providing a foundation for precision diagnostics and therapies.