Animal Model: Reflux Models in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Many mouse models have been developed to mimic the inflammation-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence seen in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-Barrett's esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma progression. Surgical reflux models in mice are technically challenging due to the small size and intolerance to surgical stress of mice. Herein, we detail three representative surgical procedures that allow for creation of an esophageal adenocarcinoma model in mice, either with or without the use of carcinogens. Additionally, we describe a genetic model that shows spontaneous development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.