Effects of epidermal growth factor on alkaline secretion and mucus formation in rat duodenum exposed to luminal acid.

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on alkaline secretion and mucus formation which serve as defenses against mucosal injury was investigated using a perfusion system of the proximal duodenum in rats in situ. In control rats, intravenous or intraduodenal administration of EGF (1 or 10 micrograms/kg/hr) had no effect on mucosal alkaline secretion at high (pH 2.5-3.0) or low (pH 3.0-5.5) luminal acidities. In cysteamine-treated rats (250 mg/kg weight, intramuscular injection), mucosal alkaline secretion by intravenous EGF (10 micrograms/kg/hr) increased significantly only at levels of high luminal acidity, whereas that by intraduodenal EGF (10 micrograms/kg/hr) increased greatly at both high and low luminal acidities. Analysis by a color image processor revealed that cysteamine greatly reduced the PAS-stained mucus in the duodenal mucosa and in Brunner's glands. Intraduodenal administration of EGF significantly increased the PAS-stained mucus in the duodenal mucosa, but not in Brunner's glands. These results indicate that EGF exerts the cytoprotective effect by stimulating alkaline secretion and mucus formation in the duodenal mucosa.