Immunohistochemical aspects of anti-microbial properties in goat submandibular glands.

Salivary glands are known as the principal source of anti-microbial substances, which are considered to be essential components of saliva. The distribution of anti-microbial substances in the submandibular glands of Japanese miniature (Shiba) goat was studied using immunohistochemical methods as performed by physical development procedures. In the goat, anti-microbial substances such as lysozyme, IgA, lactoferrin and β-defensin were demonstrated to be immunolocalized in the submandibular glands, especially in the serous demilunes and duct cells. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the specific functions of the saliva. The presence and secretion of anti-microbial substances suggest that they participate in the maintenance of oral health among the elements of saliva.