Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Tongue cancer microbial biomarkers: landscape of saliva, cancer tissue, and para-carcinoma tissue.
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Chen Shuai, Wang Lei, Yang Bowen, Dai Xiaobo, Li Chunjie, Yan Bing
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer poses a significant global health challenge due to delayed intervention and a lack of effective early screening methods. About two-thirds of patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage at initial consultation. Tumor-associated bacteria are implicated in tissue carcinogenesis and have potential as diagnostic biomarkers.
METHODS: In this pilot study, 24 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected from all participants before treatment. Cancer and para-carcinoma tissues were surgically obtained from 20 patients. Bacterial exosomes were extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to characterize the microbial composition of saliva, cancer, and para-carcinoma tissue.
RESULTS: The microbial composition of cancer tissues, para-carcinoma tissues, and saliva from cancer patients showed significant differences compared to healthy individuals. Specifically, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, dietzia natronolimnaea, burkholderia cepacia, and acinetobacter baumannii were highly prevalent in cancer tissues but nearly absent in healthy individuals' tissue. These microorganisms show promise as biomarkers for oral cancer. Additionally, weissella cibaria, sphingomonas azotifigens, and aeromonas sobria were more abundant in the saliva of TSCC patients compared to healthy individuals, highlighting their potential as non-invasive screening tools.
CONCLUSION: This exploratory study identified microbial strains that are enriched in oral cancer tissues and saliva, highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarker candidates for early detection. However, given the reliance on external healthy controls and limited sample size, these findings should be considered preliminary and require validation in future prospective studies with rigorously matched controls.
METHODS: In this pilot study, 24 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected from all participants before treatment. Cancer and para-carcinoma tissues were surgically obtained from 20 patients. Bacterial exosomes were extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to characterize the microbial composition of saliva, cancer, and para-carcinoma tissue.
RESULTS: The microbial composition of cancer tissues, para-carcinoma tissues, and saliva from cancer patients showed significant differences compared to healthy individuals. Specifically, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, dietzia natronolimnaea, burkholderia cepacia, and acinetobacter baumannii were highly prevalent in cancer tissues but nearly absent in healthy individuals' tissue. These microorganisms show promise as biomarkers for oral cancer. Additionally, weissella cibaria, sphingomonas azotifigens, and aeromonas sobria were more abundant in the saliva of TSCC patients compared to healthy individuals, highlighting their potential as non-invasive screening tools.
CONCLUSION: This exploratory study identified microbial strains that are enriched in oral cancer tissues and saliva, highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarker candidates for early detection. However, given the reliance on external healthy controls and limited sample size, these findings should be considered preliminary and require validation in future prospective studies with rigorously matched controls.