Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis is an Under-Recognized Opportunistic infection in Uganda.

In Uganda, Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis remains underdiagnosed due to the low sensitivities and specificities of available diagnostics. In our recent publication, we identified 15 cases of possible Toxoplasma gondii meningoencephalitis by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with suspected meningitis. We herein discuss, in detail, these cases to highlight the ongoing limitations of utilizing clinical symptoms to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii meningoencephalitis, the importance of access to rapid diagnostics, and the frequency of toxoplasmosis as a possible co-infection with other opportunistic diseases among people with advanced HIV.