The ability of gingival crevicular fluid acute phase proteins to distinguish healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites.

3 acute phase proteins, from the local gingival inflammatory response, were examined for their ability to distinguish healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites. Indirect competitive immunoassays were developed for the quantification of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) and transferrin (TF), and for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), a double antibody sandwich assay was produced. Healthy (25), gingivitis (31) and periodontitis (28) sites were sampled with filter paper strips (2 x 13 mm) and the volume assessed with the Periotron 6000. The samples were eluted in phosphate-buffered saline and analyzed for alpha 2-M, alpha 1-AT and TF. The results were expressed as absolute amounts per sample (ng/30 s) and on a concentration basis (ng/microliter of GCF). Higher GCF absolute amounts of alpha 2-M, alpha 1-AT and TF were consistently obtained from diseased (gingivitis and periodontitis) sites than healthy sites (p less than 0.005). Absolute amounts of GCF alpha 2-M, alpha 1-AT and TF were increased in periodontitis sites over gingivitis sites, although these differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.1). When the results were expressed on a concentration basis, alpha 2-M levels from diseased sites were significantly higher than healthy sites (p less than 0.01). In addition, GCF TF concentration was increased in periodontitis compared to healthy sites (p = 0.03).