Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025

Microlensing events indicate that super-Earth exoplanets are common in Jupiter-like orbits.

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Zang Weicheng, Jung Youn Kil, Yee Jennifer C, Hwang Kyu-Ha, Yang Hongjing, Udalski Andrzej, Sumi Takahiro, Gould Andrew, Mao Shude, Albrow Michael D, Chung Sun-Ju, Han Cheongho, Ryu Yoon-Hyun, Shin In-Gu, Shvartzvald Yossi, Cha Sang-Mok, Kim Dong-Jin, Kim Hyoun-Woo, Kim Seung-Lee, Lee Chung-Uk, Lee Dong-Joo, Lee Yongseok, Park Byeong-Gon, Pogge Richard W, Zhang Xiangyu, Kuang Renkun, Wang Hanyue, Zhang Jiyuan, Hu Zhecheng, Zhu Wei, Mróz Przemek, Skowron Jan, Poleski Radosław, Szymański Michał K, Soszyński Igor, Pietrukowicz Paweł, Kozłowski Szymon, Ulaczyk Krzysztof, Rybicki Krzysztof A, Iwanek Patryk, Wrona Marcin, Gromadzki Mariusz, Abe Fumio, Barry Richard, Bennett David P, Bhattacharya Aparna, Bond Ian A, Fujii Hirosane, Fukui Akihiko, Hamada Ryusei, Hirao Yuki, Silva Stela Ishitani, Itow Yoshitaka, Kirikawa Rintaro, Koshimoto Naoki, Matsubara Yutaka, Miyazaki Shota, Muraki Yasushi, Olmschenk Greg, Ranc Clément, Rattenbury Nicholas J, Satoh Yuki, Suzuki Daisuke, Tomoyoshi Mio, Tristram Paul J, Vandorou Aikaterini, Yama Hibiki, Yamashita Kansuke

Аннотация

Exoplanets classified as super-Earths are commonly observed on short-period orbits, close to their host stars, but their abundance on wider orbits is poorly constrained. Gravitational microlensing is sensitive to exoplanets on wide orbits. We observed the microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-0007, which indicates an exoplanet with a planet-to-star mass ratio roughly double the Earth-Sun mass ratio, on an orbit longer than Saturn's. We combined this event with a larger sample from a microlensing survey to determine the distribution of mass ratios for planets on wide orbits. We infer that there are ~0.35 super-Earth planets per star on Jupiter-like orbits. The observations are most consistent with a bimodal distribution, with separate peaks for super-Earths and gas giants. We suggest that this reflects differences in their formation processes.

Microlensing events indicate that super-Earth exoplanets are common in Jupiter-like orbits.

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