Individual differences in attentional lapses are associated with fiber-specific white matter microstructure in healthy adults.

Attentional lapses interfere with goal-directed behaviors, which may result in harmless (e.g., not hearing instructions) or severe (e.g., fatal car accident) consequences. Task-related functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown a link between attentional lapses and activity in the frontoparietal network. Activity in this network is likely to be mediated by the organization of the white matter fiber pathways that connect the regions implicated in the network, such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus I (SLF-I). In the present study, we investigate the relationship between susceptibility to attentional lapses and relevant white matter pathways in 36 healthy adults (23 females, Mage  = 31.56 years). Participants underwent a diffusion MRI (dMRI) scan and completed the global-local task to measure attentional lapses, similar to previous fMRI studies. Applying the fixel-based analysis framework for fiber-specific analysis of dMRI data, we investigated the association between attentional lapses and variability in microstructural fiber density (FD) and macrostructural (morphological) fiber-bundle cross section (FC) in the SLF-I. Our results revealed a significant negative association between higher total number of attentional lapses and lower FD in the left SLF-I. This finding indicates that the variation in the microstructure of a key frontoparietal white matter tract is associated with attentional lapses and may provide a trait-like biomarker in the general population. However, SLF-I microstructure alone does not explain propensity for attentional lapses, as other factors such as sleep deprivation or underlying psychological conditions (e.g., sleep disorders) may also lead to higher susceptibility in both healthy people and those with neurological disorders.