Advance in molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes related to viral hepatitis infection.

Diabetes and viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), are significant global health burdens with complex interconnections. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms linking viral hepatitis to diabetes, focusing on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. Key findings highlight the role of STAT3 in promoting insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis, the impact of ER stress and NOX-mediated oxidative stress on metabolic dysfunction, and the influence of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation on glucose homeostasis. These interconnected pathways provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes in hepatitis patients and suggest potential therapeutic targets for managing these co-occurring conditions. Future research directions include exploring the synergistic effects of these pathways and leveraging advanced technologies for personalized treatment strategies.