Endocrine-skin interactions. Cutaneous manifestations of adrenal disease, pheochromocytomas, carcinoid syndrome, sex hormone excess and deficiency, polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, and other miscellaneous disorders.

Endocrinologic disorders occasionally manifest themselves by their associated and/or induced cutaneous abnormalities. In some instances, the initial and most prominent complaints of the patient are related to alterations in the skin, and therefore the dermatologist will at times be the first physician consulted. In this review we describe the cutaneous lesions that occur in patients with Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytomas, carcinoid syndrome, sex hormone excess or deficiency, polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, and multiple neoplasia syndromes. Additionally, we discuss the relationship of acanthosis nigricans and xanthomas to endocrinologic disorders and the skin lesions that occur in association with the spotty pigmentation, myxoma, endocrine overactivity syndrome, and the polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome.