[New diagnostic techniques in bronchial endoscopy].

The diagnostic work-up of peripheral lung lesions or nodules remains controversial. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) or electromagnetic navigation with guided sampling have increased the yield of conventional flexible bronchoscopy and results seem to be independent of lesion size. In addition, these techniques may be combined with further improvement in yield that then compares with transthoracic needle aspiration. Mediastinal lymph node tissue diagnosis is often required in the staging of lung cancer and real-time guided EBUS or EUS (endoscopic ultrasound, transoesophageal ultrasound) sampling show excellent results without significant complication. These combined techniques may also be complementary and allow complete staging of the mediastinum that will probably reduce the need for surgical staging.