Diverse roles of biomolecular condensation in eukaryotic translational regulation.

Biomolecular condensates, forming membrane-less organelles, orchestrate the sub-cellular compartment to execute designated biological processes. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of these biomolecular condensates in translational regulation. This review summarizes recent discoveries concerning biomolecular condensates associated with translational regulation, including their composition, assembly, and functions. Furthermore, we discussed the common features among these biomolecular condensates and the critical questions in the translational regulation areas. These emerging discoveries shed light on the enigmatic translational machinery, refine our understanding of translational regulation, and put forth potential therapeutic targets for diseases born out of translation dysregulation.