Journal of oral microbiology · 2025
Rapid Griess assay (RGA): a chairside test for ex vivo semi-quantitative oral nitrite measurement and in vitro assessment of nitrite production by oral bacteria.
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Mavropoulos Simeon K B, Zaiton Rabi, Basic Amina, Dahlén Gunnar
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Nitrite (NO2 -) is produced through enzymatic reduction of dietary nitrate (NO3 -) by oral bacteria: a process contributing to cardiovascular - and possibly oral - health. NO2 - quantitation in biological samples is a complex exercise, and available methods are not well-adapted for chairside use. Therefore, we aimed to develop and evaluate a semi-quantitative chairside test for NO2 - in oral samples. We also evaluated NO2 - generation in several bacterial species in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 12 healthy individuals, tongue, saliva and plaque samples were collected and evaluated chairside across 4 weeks, using the rapid Griess assay (RGA). The RGA was further used to test bacterial species for NO2 - production.
RESULTS: In saliva, plaque and tongue samples, low, variable and high NO2 - levels, respectively, were found. Tongue samples were the most stable over time. High and medium NO2 - production capacities were shown by Actinomyces spp. (including Schaalia odontolytica), Veillonella parvula, and Rothia spp. RGA results were reproducible.
CONCLUSION: The RGA provided stable and reliable results for chairside NO2 - semi-quantitation, and revealed elevated and stable NO2 - levels on the tongue. In vitro, bacterial NO2 - production was consistent with the available literature, but uncertainty remains regarding Neisseria spp. Our results showed promise for clinical and research applications of the RGA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 12 healthy individuals, tongue, saliva and plaque samples were collected and evaluated chairside across 4 weeks, using the rapid Griess assay (RGA). The RGA was further used to test bacterial species for NO2 - production.
RESULTS: In saliva, plaque and tongue samples, low, variable and high NO2 - levels, respectively, were found. Tongue samples were the most stable over time. High and medium NO2 - production capacities were shown by Actinomyces spp. (including Schaalia odontolytica), Veillonella parvula, and Rothia spp. RGA results were reproducible.
CONCLUSION: The RGA provided stable and reliable results for chairside NO2 - semi-quantitation, and revealed elevated and stable NO2 - levels on the tongue. In vitro, bacterial NO2 - production was consistent with the available literature, but uncertainty remains regarding Neisseria spp. Our results showed promise for clinical and research applications of the RGA.