The chemotherapy of head and neck cancer.

Chemotherapy in head and neck cancer can be given in metastatic disease at presentation, in locally far advanced disease not amendable for curative treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy, in the neo-adjuvant setting, in recurrent disease after previous surgery and radiotherapy and either concurrent or alternating with radiotherapy. Most data are gathered in the recurrent and locally far advanced disease setting. Combination therapy (with agents such as cisplatinum, 5-FU and methotrexate) have shown some improvements in response rate, however no obvious survival advantage over monotherapy in the treatment of patients with metastatic or advanced locoregional cancer of the head and neck has been observed. In the neo-adjuvant setting, chemotherapy is helpful in preserving the larynx and hypopharynx but has no proven impact (positive or negative) on survival. New compounds and approaches are needed to improve survival in head and neck cancer. Among the new options for chemotherapy in metastatic/recurrent disease are the taxanes. With monotherapy docetaxel, response rates of 23%-42% are seen, and, when used in combination with cisplatinum and 5-FU, response rates of 52-100% have been reported in phase I/II trials. A phase III trial of the addition of docetaxel to standard neo-adjuvant therapy with cisplatinum and 5-FU is now underway.