Multi-omics integration reveals that KLF improves stomach heat syndrome through intestinal flora remodeling and PI3K-Akt pathway activation.

Stomach heat syndrome (SHS) is a common clinical digestive system disease, which seriously affects people 's quality of life. Kouchi Liuxiang Fang (KLF) has a significant effect in the clinical treatment of SHS. However, its potential therapeutic mechanism is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential mechanism in improving SHS by integrating multi-omics through network pharmacology. The in vitro and in vivo components of KLF were identified by UHPLC-Orbitrap Exploris/MS technology. Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential core pathways of KLF to improve SHS. The protective effect of KLF on SHS-induced gastric mucosal injury was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the multi-omics strategies of network pharmacology, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics were integrated to explore the mechanism of KLF in improving SHS. UHPLC-Orbitrap Exploris/MS identified 117 chemical components and 53 prototype components in KLF. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that KLF had a good protective effect on SHS. Integrated multi-omics analysis (network pharmacology, 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics) revealed KLF improves SHS by restoring gut flora balance and activating the PI3K-Akt pathway, confirmed by Western Blot and RT-qPCR analysis. This study provides a basis for the mechanism of KLF in improving SHS, and provides a solid foundation for drug development and clinical application of SHS prevention and treatment.