Sentinel Node Biopsy for Head and Neck Melanoma: A 12-Year Experience from a Medium-Volume Regional Center.

Background

Head and neck (H&N) cutaneous melanomas have poorer outcomes than melanomas at other sites, yet sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)-a key prognostic tool in clinically node-negative disease-is less frequently performed, particularly outside tertiary centers. We evaluated the feasibility and prognostic relevance of SLNB in a medium-volume regional institution.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with primary H&N cutaneous melanoma who underwent SLNB at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Szeged, between 2010 and 2022. Clinicopathological features, nodal outcomes, recurrence patterns, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and univariate Cox regression.

Results

Thirty-eight patients underwent SLNB, with a 100% sentinel lymph node identification rate and no major complications. Positive sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 8 patients (21.1%). Two false-negative events occurred, resulting in a false-omission rate of 6.7% and a negative predictive value of 93.3%. SLN-negative patients demonstrated longer RFS and OS, although differences were not statistically significant. Among patients with intermediate-risk melanoma (pT1b-pT3a), 18.5% had a positive SLN.

Conclusions

SLNB is a safe and clinically meaningful staging procedure for H&N melanoma in a medium-volume regional center. Sentinel node status provides important prognostic information and supports appropriate patient selection for contemporary adjuvant therapy.