The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Dietary fat consumption and cancer outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Fan Bocheng, Zhang Zhiyang, Zhang Yan, Pang Lu, Guo Qihao, Chen Pengjun, Jian Lingyan, Wu Yuting, Wang Shu
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Dietary fats may influence carcinogenesis through pathways involving lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, existing evidence from meta-analyses (MAs) remains inconsistent across cancer types.
OBJECTIVES: We conducted an umbrella review and updated the MA to evaluate the associations between intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the risk of multiple cancers.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2025 for systematic reviews and MAs of observational or interventional studies assessing dietary fat intake in relation to cancer incidence. Methodological quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), and the certainty of evidence was graded with GRADE.
RESULTS: Twenty-three systematic reviews and MAs were included. Higher total fat intake was associated with increased risks of bladder [relative risk (RR): 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.58)], breast (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16), gastric (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39), and esophageal cancer (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.49) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.42). SFA intake was associated with higher risks of breast (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17), gastric (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.58), liver (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.69), and esophageal cancer (RR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.77). MUFA intake was positively associated with esophageal (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.84) and breast cancer (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16) but inversely associated with skin cancer (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96). PUFA intake was inversely associated with gastric cancer (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of total and saturated fats was associated with increased risks of several site-specific cancers, whereas polyunsaturated fats may have protective effects. This trial was registered at PROSPERO CRD420251236506.
OBJECTIVES: We conducted an umbrella review and updated the MA to evaluate the associations between intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the risk of multiple cancers.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2025 for systematic reviews and MAs of observational or interventional studies assessing dietary fat intake in relation to cancer incidence. Methodological quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), and the certainty of evidence was graded with GRADE.
RESULTS: Twenty-three systematic reviews and MAs were included. Higher total fat intake was associated with increased risks of bladder [relative risk (RR): 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.58)], breast (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16), gastric (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39), and esophageal cancer (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.49) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.42). SFA intake was associated with higher risks of breast (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17), gastric (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.58), liver (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.69), and esophageal cancer (RR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.77). MUFA intake was positively associated with esophageal (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.84) and breast cancer (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16) but inversely associated with skin cancer (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96). PUFA intake was inversely associated with gastric cancer (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of total and saturated fats was associated with increased risks of several site-specific cancers, whereas polyunsaturated fats may have protective effects. This trial was registered at PROSPERO CRD420251236506.