Protective effects of nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate on gastroduodenal ulcers: a comparative study in rats.

Stabilization of mast cells plays a key mechanism to protect gastrointestinal tract from injury. This study presents a comparative evaluation of mast cell stabilizers nedocromil sodium (NDS) and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Wistar rats of either sex were used in this study. Both NDS and SCG, in the doses of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally for gastric secretion studies and by gavage for antiulcer studies. Acid secretion studies were undertaken in pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric lesions were induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS), indomethacin and ethanol whereas duodenal ulcers were produced by cysteamine. The level of glutathione (GSH) and gastric wall mucus were measured in glandular stomach of rats following ethanol-induced gastric lesions. SCG was more effective than NDS in preventing WIRS- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions whereas reverse was true in ethanol- and cysteamine-induced ulcers. All the 3 doses of SCG offered almost equal protection against WIRS-induced gastric lesions whereas only medium and high dose of NDS provided significant protection in this model of ulcer. NDS significantly inhibited cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers whereas SCG failed to do so. Pretreatment with NDS or SCG significantly and dose-dependently protected gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury, while the former drug appeared to be more effective. The cytoprotective effects of these two drugs were accompanied by the attenuation of ethanol-induced depletion of gastric wall mucus and GSH. The differential effects of NDS and SCG against various gastric lesions rationalize the possible benefits of a combined therapy (NDS+SCG) for the treatment of complex gastroduodenal ulcers.