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DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-56010-w

Медицинская библиотека · Nature communications · 2025

Elliptical ejecta of asteroid Dimorphos is due to its surface curvature.

Hirabayashi Masatoshi, Raducan Sabina D, Sunshine Jessica M, Farnham Tony L, Deshapriya J D P, Li Jian-Yang, Tancredi Gonzalo, Chesley Steven R, Daly R Terik, Ernst Carolyn M, Gai Igor, Hasselmann Pedro H, Naidu Shantanu P, Nair Hari, Palmer Eric E, Waller C Dany, Zinzi Angelo, Agrusa Harrison F, Barbee Brent W, Syal Megan Bruck, Collins Gareth S, Davison Thomas M, DeCoster Mallory E, Jutzi Martin, Kumamoto Kathryn M, Moskovitz Nicholas A, Lyzhoft Joshua R, Schwartz Stephen R, Abell Paul A, Barnouin Olivier S, Chabot Nancy L, Cheng Andrew F, Dotto Elisabetta, Fahnestock Eugene G, Michel Patrick, Richardson Derek C, Rivkin Andrew S, Stickle Angela M, Thomas Cristina A, Beccarelli Joel, Brucato John R, Dall'Ora Massimo, Corte Vincenzo Della, Epifani Elena Mazzotta, Ieva Simone, Impresario Gabriele, Ivanovski Stavro, Lucchetti Alice, Modenini Dario, Pajola Maurizio, Palumbo Pasquale, Pirrotta Simone, Poggiali Giovanni, Rossi Alessandro, Tortora Paolo, Tusberti Filippo, Zannoni Marco, Zanotti Giovanni, Ferrari Fabio, Glenar David A, Herreros Isabel, Jacobson Seth A, Karatekin Özgür, Lazzarin Monica, Lolachi Ramin, Lucas Michael P, Makadia Rahil, Marzari Francesco, Merrill Colby C, Migliorini Alessandra, Nakano Ryota, Ormö Jens, Sánchez Paul, Senel Cem Berk, Soldini Stefania, Stubbs Timothy J

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Аннотация

Kinetic deflection is a planetary defense technique delivering spacecraft momentum to a small body to deviate its course from Earth. The deflection efficiency depends on the impactor and target. Among them, the contribution of global curvature was poorly understood. The ejecta plume created by NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test impact on its target asteroid, Dimorphos, exhibited an elliptical shape almost aligned along its north-south direction. Here, we identify that this elliptical ejecta plume resulted from the target's curvature, reducing the momentum transfer to 44 ± 10% along the orbit track compared to an equivalent impact on a flat target. We also find lower kinetic deflection of impacts on smaller near-Earth objects due to higher curvature. A solution to mitigate low deflection efficiency is to apply multiple low-energy impactors rather than a single high-energy impactor. Rapid reconnaissance to acquire a target's properties before deflection enables determining the proper locations and timing of impacts.

Для цитирования: Hirabayashi Masatoshi, Raducan Sabina D, Sunshine Jessica M, Farnham Tony L, Deshapriya J D P, Li Jian-Yang, Tancredi Gonzalo, Chesley Steven R, Daly R Terik, Ernst Carolyn M, Gai Igor, Hasselmann Pedro H, Naidu Shantanu P, Nair Hari, Palmer Eric E, Waller C Dany, Zinzi Angelo, Agrusa Harrison F, Barbee Brent W, Syal Megan Bruck, Collins Gareth S, Davison Thomas M, DeCoster Mallory E, Jutzi Martin, Kumamoto Kathryn M, Moskovitz Nicholas A, Lyzhoft Joshua R, Schwartz Stephen R, Abell Paul A, Barnouin Olivier S, Chabot Nancy L, Cheng Andrew F, Dotto Elisabetta, Fahnestock Eugene G, Michel Patrick, Richardson Derek C, Rivkin Andrew S, Stickle Angela M, Thomas Cristina A, Beccarelli Joel, Brucato John R, Dall'Ora Massimo, Corte Vincenzo Della, Epifani Elena Mazzotta, Ieva Simone, Impresario Gabriele, Ivanovski Stavro, Lucchetti Alice, Modenini Dario, Pajola Maurizio, Palumbo Pasquale, Pirrotta Simone, Poggiali Giovanni, Rossi Alessandro, Tortora Paolo, Tusberti Filippo, Zannoni Marco, Zanotti Giovanni, Ferrari Fabio, Glenar David A, Herreros Isabel, Jacobson Seth A, Karatekin Özgür, Lazzarin Monica, Lolachi Ramin, Lucas Michael P, Makadia Rahil, Marzari Francesco, Merrill Colby C, Migliorini Alessandra, Nakano Ryota, Ormö Jens, Sánchez Paul, Senel Cem Berk, Soldini Stefania, Stubbs Timothy J. Elliptical ejecta of asteroid Dimorphos is due to its surface curvature.. Nature communications. 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56010-w.
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