Repeat pulmonary resection for isolated recurrent lung metastases yields results comparable to those after first pulmonary resection in colorectal cancer.

Pulmonary resection for colorectal metastases is well accepted. However, the main cause of death after pulmonary resection is recurrence in the lung. The aim of this study was to clarify whether a repeat pulmonary resection was warranted in patients with recurrent lung metastases. The records of 76 patients undergoing initial pulmonary resection, including 14 patients undergoing a repeat operation for lung metastases, were reviewed for survival, operative morbidity, and mortality. Overall, pulmonary resection was performed 96 times in this group of patients. The operative mortality was 0%, morbidity involved only one case of major postoperative hemorrhage associated with the first operation. The cumulative 5-year survival rate for the 76 patients was 32%. After the second pulmonary operation, recurrence was identified in 79% (11 of 14) of the patients. In 10 patients with isolated lung recurrence after a first pulmonary resection, who showed no extrapulmonary disease before or at the time of first thoracotomy, the 3-year, and 5-year-survival rate after the second pulmonary resection was 67%, and 33%, respectively, comparing favorably with the survival rate in those who underwent primary pulmonary resection. In contrast, all 4 patients with extrapulmonary disease before or at the time of thoracotomy had poor prognosis. Repeat pulmonary operation for isolated recurrent colorectal metastases to the lung yielded results comparable to those after the first pulmonary resection in terms of operative mortality and survival in the absence of hilar/mediastinal lymph node or extrathoracic involvement.