Mechanisms, treatment strategies and predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults, and its incidence increases with age and is more common in elderly population. The current treatment methods for AML mainly include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, among which chemotherapy and targeted therapy are the most common methods. Combined therapy further enhances the therapeutic effect of AML and reduces drug toxicity. At present, drug resistance is a common problem in the treatment of AML. Gene mutations and treatment-induced mutations are the main causes of drug resistance in AML, and drug resistance is also generated during the interaction between tumor microenvironment and AML. Real-time monitoring of tumor markers such as the most common gene mutations and the changes of novel biomarkers, provides certain reference value for the occurrence of AML and the prevention of drug resistance in the process of AML diagnosis and treatment. Finally, a new direction in the future diagnosis and treatment of AML is proposed based on the current diagnosis and treatment status.