Circular RNA biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common leukemia in adults, which is caused by cytogenetic changes. Cytogenetic changes in normal and malignant cells are caused by different types of cell signals and messages, proteins, and RNA species which cause changes in cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that do not possess a 5` cap and 3` poly-A tail. CircRNAs are stable and resistant to hydrolysis. By molecular techniques such as RNA sequencing, it is possible to detect circRNAs in different eukaryotes in invitro and invivo environments. circRNAs perform their function in different ways such as sponging microRNAs, interacting with proteins related to physiological and pathological cellular processes, and changing the translation of proteins. CircRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in malignancies and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker, and drug resistance in malignancies. Different types of circRNAs play a role in acute myeloid leukemia, the role of circRNAs in different types of acute myeloid leukemia is diverse and different. In this study, the circRNAs involved in acute myeloid leukemia, their role and how they function are reviewed. This literature shows that knowing the role and function of circRNAs in acute myeloid malignancies needs more studies and it can be done with a better understanding of this type of RNAs for recognition, treatment, prediction of prognosis, prediction of response to treatment and recurrence of the disease, and used to prevent drug resistance.