Immunological Analyses of Leukemia Stem Cells.

Traditionally, the intracellular localization and expression levels of specific proteins in CML Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have been evaluated by fluorescence immunohistochemistry (FIHC). More recently, Duolink(®) in situ PLA technology has opened up a new and more quantitative way to evaluate signal transduction, posttranslational modification, and protein-protein interaction at the single-stem-cell level. This novel methodology, which employs two antibody-based probes, has already increased our understanding of the biology of the rare CML LSC population. In the future, the use of this approach may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics aimed at eradicating CML LSCs in CML patients.