Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2026
Fast food consumption patterns in Moroccan adults and their association with the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer.
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Bouzini Ghizlan, Sammoud Karima, Amzerin Mounia, Najdi Adil, El M'Rabet Fatima Zahra
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) continues to increase globally. Previous research suggests that environmental and behavioral changes, including dietary patterns, may have reduced the age of onset for CRC. Morocco, undergoing a nutritional transition characterized by frequent intake of fast food and industrial food products high in refined sugars, meat, and saturated animal fats, is facing an increase in CRC cases. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between fast food consumption and its association with the risk of EO-CRC in Moroccan adults.
METHODS: A matched case-control study included 308 cases diagnosed with CRC, and 308 controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The association between dietary fast food patterns and EO-CRC in Morocco's younger population was assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: The mean age was 54.8 ± 13.16 and 54.6 ± 13.62 years in the case and control groups, respectively. Participants under 50 years accounted for 34.1 % (cases) and 37 % (controls). The most common site of CRC was the colon (57.8 %). The results show that 59.0 % of younger cases reported consuming fast food, compared with only 0.9 % of controls. This difference reveals a statistically significant association between fast-food intake and EO-CRC risk, with the highest incidence among individuals reporting regular consumption (p < 0.001). The risk was particularly evident among individuals with a weekly fast-food intake exceeding three times (ORa = 9.17; 95 % CI [2.93-28.57]; p < 0.001). Other independent associations were also observed. Thus, alcohol consumption clearly represents a major risk factor. Conversely, a significant protective effect was observed for high socio-economic status, daily consumption of more than 200 g of fruits and vegetables, and intake of legumes at least twice per week.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that fast food consumption is significantly associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC, particularly among participants who reported intake exceeding three times per week.
METHODS: A matched case-control study included 308 cases diagnosed with CRC, and 308 controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The association between dietary fast food patterns and EO-CRC in Morocco's younger population was assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: The mean age was 54.8 ± 13.16 and 54.6 ± 13.62 years in the case and control groups, respectively. Participants under 50 years accounted for 34.1 % (cases) and 37 % (controls). The most common site of CRC was the colon (57.8 %). The results show that 59.0 % of younger cases reported consuming fast food, compared with only 0.9 % of controls. This difference reveals a statistically significant association between fast-food intake and EO-CRC risk, with the highest incidence among individuals reporting regular consumption (p < 0.001). The risk was particularly evident among individuals with a weekly fast-food intake exceeding three times (ORa = 9.17; 95 % CI [2.93-28.57]; p < 0.001). Other independent associations were also observed. Thus, alcohol consumption clearly represents a major risk factor. Conversely, a significant protective effect was observed for high socio-economic status, daily consumption of more than 200 g of fruits and vegetables, and intake of legumes at least twice per week.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that fast food consumption is significantly associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC, particularly among participants who reported intake exceeding three times per week.