Responses to brief perturbations of stance: EMG, midline cortical, and subcortical changes.

We studied simultaneous EMG and midline EEG responses, including over the cerebellum, in 10 standing subjects (35 ± 15 yr; 5 females, 5 males). Recordings were made following repeated taps to the sternum, stimuli known to evoke short-latency EMG responses in leg muscles, consistent with postural reflexes. EEG power had relatively more high-frequency components (>30 Hz) when recorded from electrodes over the cerebellum (Iz and SIz) compared with other midline electrodes. We confirmed a previous report using a similar stimulus that evoked short-latency potentials over the cerebellum. We showed clear midline-evoked EEG potentials occurring at short latency over the cerebellum (P23, N31, N42, and P54) and frontally (N28 and N57) before the previously described perturbation-evoked potential (P1/N1/P2). The P23 response correlated with the subsequent EMG response in the tibialis anterior muscles (r = 0.72, P = 0.018), confirming and extending previous observations. We did not find a correlation with the N1 amplitude. We conclude that early activity occurs from electrodes over the inion in response to a brief tap to the sternum. This is likely to represent cerebellar activity and it appears to modulate short-latency postural EMG responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the effects of a brief tap to the sternum in human subjects, known to evoke short-latency postural responses. Using an extended EEG recording system, we showed early evoked responses over the midline cerebellum, including the P23 potential, which correlated with the EMG responses in tibialis anterior, consistent with a cerebellar role in postural reflexes. The stimulus also evoked later EEG responses, including the perturbation potential.