International journal of nanomedicine · 2025
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Promising Nanomedicine Approach for Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies.
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Hussien Nahed Ahmed, Khalil Maha Abd El Fattah, Schagerl Michael, Ali Sameh Samir
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has opened new avenues for biomedical applications, particularly in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer therapies. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and biocompatible alternative to traditional chemical methods. This study explores the synthesis of ZnO-NPs using Syzygium aromaticum (clove) bud extract (CBE) and evaluates their multifaceted biomedical potential, including anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
METHODS: Clove bud extract-zinc oxide nanoparticles (CBE-ZnO-NPs) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses to confirm their size, morphology, elemental composition, and surface properties. The anticancer efficacy was tested against tongue carcinoma (HNO-97) cells using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus, while anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7).
RESULTS: The SEM analysis confirmed a non-uniform shape of ZnO-NPs, while FTIR revealed functional groups responsible for stabilization and bioactivity. DLS measurements indicated an average particle size of 249.8 nm with a zeta potential of -3.38 mV, ensuring moderate colloidal stability. BET analysis demonstrated a high porosity (30.039 m²/g) and a mean particle size of 19.52 nm. CBE-ZnO-NPs exhibited moderate anticancer activity against tongue carcinoma cells (IC50 > 100 µg/mL), potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 62.5-125 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory effects (IC50 = 69.3 µg/mL).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential of CBE-ZnO-NPs as a promising multi-functional nanomaterial with potent antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The findings pave the way for further exploration of ZnO-based nanotherapeutics in biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy, infection control, and inflammatory disorders.
METHODS: Clove bud extract-zinc oxide nanoparticles (CBE-ZnO-NPs) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses to confirm their size, morphology, elemental composition, and surface properties. The anticancer efficacy was tested against tongue carcinoma (HNO-97) cells using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus, while anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7).
RESULTS: The SEM analysis confirmed a non-uniform shape of ZnO-NPs, while FTIR revealed functional groups responsible for stabilization and bioactivity. DLS measurements indicated an average particle size of 249.8 nm with a zeta potential of -3.38 mV, ensuring moderate colloidal stability. BET analysis demonstrated a high porosity (30.039 m²/g) and a mean particle size of 19.52 nm. CBE-ZnO-NPs exhibited moderate anticancer activity against tongue carcinoma cells (IC50 > 100 µg/mL), potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 62.5-125 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory effects (IC50 = 69.3 µg/mL).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential of CBE-ZnO-NPs as a promising multi-functional nanomaterial with potent antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The findings pave the way for further exploration of ZnO-based nanotherapeutics in biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy, infection control, and inflammatory disorders.