Frontiers in neurology · 2025
The evolution of cervical spine trauma classification: a paradigm shift from morphological description to clinical decision-making.
Название и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Chen J, Jiang Y
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This review systematically traces the evolution of subaxial cervical spine classification, highlighting the paradigm shift from morphological description to decision-oriented functional assessment and exploring future technological directions.
METHODS: A comprehensive narrative literature review was conducted, analyzing key classification systems, their underlying principles, and the technological advancements shaping the field.
RESULTS: Early mechanistic classifications were limited by poor interobserver reliability. The Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) system was a pivotal advance, integrating morphology, disco-ligamentous complex (DLC) integrity, and neurological status into a treatment-guiding score. However, its inconsistent reliability, particularly in DLC assessment, limited its adoption. The subsequent AO spine classification resolved these issues by introducing a more rigorous, hierarchical framework that achieved excellent, validated interobserver reliability. Crucially, the AO spine system also provides significant prognostic value by correlating morphological subtypes with long-term neurological recovery.
CONCLUSION: The classification of cervical trauma has transitioned from a descriptive to an applied science. Future developments promise to resolve remaining challenges: artificial intelligence (AI) offers a definitive solution to interobserver variability, advanced imaging like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) will refine prognostication, and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide new hope for functional reconstruction in severe injuries, heralding an era of precision medicine.
METHODS: A comprehensive narrative literature review was conducted, analyzing key classification systems, their underlying principles, and the technological advancements shaping the field.
RESULTS: Early mechanistic classifications were limited by poor interobserver reliability. The Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) system was a pivotal advance, integrating morphology, disco-ligamentous complex (DLC) integrity, and neurological status into a treatment-guiding score. However, its inconsistent reliability, particularly in DLC assessment, limited its adoption. The subsequent AO spine classification resolved these issues by introducing a more rigorous, hierarchical framework that achieved excellent, validated interobserver reliability. Crucially, the AO spine system also provides significant prognostic value by correlating morphological subtypes with long-term neurological recovery.
CONCLUSION: The classification of cervical trauma has transitioned from a descriptive to an applied science. Future developments promise to resolve remaining challenges: artificial intelligence (AI) offers a definitive solution to interobserver variability, advanced imaging like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) will refine prognostication, and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide new hope for functional reconstruction in severe injuries, heralding an era of precision medicine.