Surgical approaches to pineal region tumors.

Direct surgical resection of pineal region tumors has become safer, more effective, and now plays an essential role in their management. Tissue diagnosis allows for the initiation of appropriate therapies and resection can be curative or improve the efficacy of adjuvant therapies. Several approaches have been reported. Based on our operative experience with 57 patients over a 20-year period, we conclude that the Infratentorial Supracerebellar and Parieto-Occipital Paramedian Transtentorial approaches provide excellent exposure while allowing minimally invasive, relatively low risk access to the majority of pineal region tumors. Indications, positioning, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. A review of other approaches, pertinent historical remarks, and a discussion of the role of surgery in the contemporary management of pineal region tumors are presented.