[Central dysregulations as a cause of movement disorders in performance sports? An analysis of movement in sports with reference to functional anatomic and neurophysiologic viewpoints].

Typical orthopaedic findings and typical disturbances of movement in sports point to central dysregulation in motor disturbances in competitive sports compared with the ideal models set up under biomechanical aspects and from the viewpoint of sports practice. Neurophysiological data collected so far confirm this view. The central influence on movement is manifested by a change in peripheral proprioceptive properties, i.e. by a change in the pre-innervation of the musculature. If the musculature is subjected to high strain as in sports aiming at high performance levels, such changes produce an extremely high stretch tone in the phase of dynamic-eccentric muscular contraction resulting in functional reversal of two-joint muscles such as the M.rectus femoris and the M.gastrocnemius. This procedure is manifested in the region of system-immanent weak spots of the positional and locomotor system and, in the pelvic girdle region by tipping of the pelvis in ventral direction, with consecutive evasive shifts of the vertebral column and extremities.