Sump tube drainage as a source of bacterial contamination.

There is well documented evidence indicating in-appropriately high basal gastrins in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. After stimulation by protein meals, calcium infusion, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia there appears to be an exaggerated release of gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcers compared to control subjects. Vagotomy in general tends to increase serum gastrin by decreasing acid secretion and allowing less inhibition for antral gastrin release. This increase appears less with selective vagotomy and parietal cell vagotomy compared to truncal vagotomy, suggesting vagal inhibition of gastrin release outside the antrum. Antrectomy may decrease serum gastrins by removing a major source of the hormone. However, extra antral gastrin sources, if stimulated properly, may result in little postoperative change.